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HTML 

 Hypertext Markup Language  Describes structure of a web page  Contains elements  Elements describe how to render content  Elements are enclosed in Tags  Tags surround and describe content  Start tag –Text in angle brackets (i.e. )  End tag –Text with leading slash in angle brackets (i.e. )  Tags must be properly nested!  Attributes contained inside tags refine the operation of the tag  Format is: 

A brief history of HTML 

 In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based hypertext system  Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and server software in late 1990 and released it in 1991 (it had 18 elements/tags)  HTML 2.0 was published as RFC 1866 in 1995 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1866  A Request for Comments (RFC) is a publication from the Internet Society (ISOC)  The Internet Society (ISOC) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1992 to provide leadership in Internetrelated standards, education, access, and police

 HTML 3.2 was published as a W3C Recommendation in January 1997  The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the international standards organization for the World Wide Web, founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee after he left the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).  It was founded at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computer Science (MIT/LCS) with support from the European Commission and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)  HTML 4.0 was published as a W3C Recommendation in December 1997  HTML 4.01 was published in 2001  HTML 5 was published as a W3C Recommendation in 2014 

 XHTML is a separate language that began as a reformulation of HTML 4.01 using XML 1.0.  XHTML 1.0 was published as a W3C Recommendation on January 26, 2000  It is no longer being developed as a separate standard

HTML 5

 HTML5 was first released in on 22 January 2008, with a major update and "W3C Recommendation" status in October 2014  The current specification is known as the HTML Living Standard and is maintained by a consortium of the major browser vendors (Apple, Google, Mozilla, and Microsoft), the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG)  On 28 May 2019, the W3C announced that WHATWG would be the sole publisher of the HTML and DOM standards 

HTML – Basic Tags

  - Surround entire document  - Surround header material (titles, css info, etc.)  - Contains the main content of the page 

- Hold a single paragraph that the browser will typeset. 

  - Hold a heading line that is used to mark sections of a document for the reader

HTML – More basic tags

  Links –These mark a hyperlink around link text. When click by user, browser loads the page in the HREF attribute.  Format Text for link  Only ‘Text for link’ will show up on page.  Target attribute, indicates which window/tab should be used for the linked page  target=“_self ” – Default. 

Place the content in the current tab 

 target=“_blank” – Place the content in a newly created tab

 <IMG> -Will display an image

 Image file must be in a popular graphics format (gif, jpg, png, etc)

 Format : 

<IMG src=“url for image file” width=#, height=#, alt=“Text to display”>

HTML – Formatting Tags

  - Bold text  - Important text (similar to bold)  - Italic text  - Emphasized text (similar to Italic)  - Marked text  - Small text  - Deleted text (stroked text)  - Inserted text  - Subscript text  - Superscript text